A key inhibitor of osteoclast activity, osteoprotegrin, is normally enriched in the cochlea relative to other sites in the body. In mice, OPG is produced at high levels by fibrocytes within the spiral ligament and secreted in the perilymph. Mice deficient in OPG show excessive remodeling throughout the middle and inner ear resulting in severe hearing loss. While there are cases of FD causing sensorineural hearing loss in humans, it has been hypothesized that this is due to auditory neural compression from the FD bone changes. The results in our mouse model with FD like lesions would support that mechanism, as well as possibly physical changes to the ossicular chain, as opposed to pathologic changes of sensory structures as seen in such lesions as cochlear otosclerosis. These results point to a role for peri-lacunar remodeling in the cochlea that may be disrupted in FD. In conclusion, our results show that the cochlea is a unique bony structure characterized by limited bone turnover that confers protection from proliferative and metabolically active FD bony lesions. The invasive fibro-osseous lesions seen in this mouse model cause conductive hearing loss through involvement of the ossicular chain, in a manner very similar to that seen in humans. These mechanisms could be new pharmacologic targets to treat the skeletal or hearing manifestations of FD or other skeletal diseases. The vitrification process plays a key role in cryopreservation for the long term conservation of plant genetic resources. Vitrification is defined as a physical process by which a concentrated aqueous solution solidifies into a stable amorphous glass without the formation of ice crystals when the temperature is decreased. Vitrification of plant specimens can be achieved in many ways, including air drying of embryos, and more recently through the use of highly concentrated plant vitrification solutions that readily form glasses on cooling and inhibit crystallization. However, exposure to PVS must be controlled to enable sufficient cellular dehydration whilst limiting injury from chemical toxicity and establishment of a simple and high-throughput cryopreservation method using cryoprotectant is highly desirable. Plant vitrification solutions combine cryoprotectants that vary in permeability, such that cellular water is replaced, cell viscosity is increased and the freezing behaviour of the remaining water is altered. PVS2 is probably the most commonly used cryoprotectant for plant cells, tissues and embryos; for example, the cryopreservation of embryonic axes of citrus and in vitro shoot-tips of Parkia speciosa, a tropical species with recalcitrant seeds. The conventional approach to vitrification generally involves a tissue pre-culture step on sucrose-enriched medium, before cooling, with highly concentrated vitrification solution for a period that varies with species, tissue and temperature.