SDR5C1 is proposed to be a crucial player in Abinduced mitochondrial dysfunction and, as a result, in AD. However, the biological significance of the Ab-SDR5C1 interaction and how it links to mitochondrial dysfunction is largely unclear. Moreover, while SDR5C1 appears to be vital for mitochondrial function, this does not appear to be due to its dehydrogenase function; mitochondrial abnormalities associated with mutations in HSD17B10 do not seem to correlate with the residual dehydrogenase activity, AbMole 4-(Aminomethyl)benzoic acid suggesting that another function of SDR5C1 could actually be compromised and responsible for the mutation-associated neurodegenerative disease. The discovery of SDR5C1’s essential role in tRNA maturation suggested a possible dehydrogenase-independent pathway leading from the interaction of Ab with SDR5C1 to mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, we hypothesized that the binding of Ab could impair the SDR5C1-dependent tRNA:m1R9 methyltransferase or mtRNase P activity. In conclusion, the proposed deleterious effect of Ab on mitochondrial function cannot be explained by an inhibition of human mtRNase P or its tRNA. In considering the role of inflammation in prostate cancer, one of the confounding observations is that chronic immune inflammation appears to play a crucial role in both Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. BPH is clearly a late-onset phenomenon, and results from the PCPT trial strongly suggest that a diagnosis of BPH is not associated with elevated prostate cancer risk, however, a recent report suggests that hospitalization and surgery for BPH can increase the risk of prostate cancer specific death by as much as 8 fold. Here, the wounding associated with surgery is consistent with the hypothesis that a wound response is associated with the genesis of aggressive prostate cancers. This contrasts with the tumor-associated macrophages present in the tumor microenvironment. In general these macrophages are thought to gradually switch from an M1 to an M2 phenotype during tumor progression, leaving an M2-like phenotype that still produces reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen species. For these reasons, stromal cells in the tumor-associated microenvironment are expected to experience exposure to both ROS and RNS. Thioredoxin, a small redox protein, could be involved in the stromal response to this exposure. Thioredoxin expression appears to be a link between oxidative stress and inflammation in that it is a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes and T-cells. Thioredoxin interacting protein partners, like TXNRD2 which reduces H2O2 to H2O, and TXNRD1 which appears to be rate limiting in the removal of Snitrosylated cysteine residues from caspase-3 and perhaps other S-nitrosylated proteins.Further, heregulin binding to ErbB3 results in the dissociation of EBP1, which binds to nuclear AKT and suppresses caspase-activated DNase to prevent DNA fragmentation. Our preliminary data suggest EBP1 and ErbB3 colocalize in the somatic cells of perinatal hamster ovaries and heregulin exposure of P6 ovarian cells in culture results in ERK1 phosphorylation.