With Influenza A pdm09. In our study, Influenza B followed pdmH1N1 as a close second in both ILI and SARI cases when compared to other influenza A subtypes. Therefore, the effect of yearround presence of influenza B AbMole BI-9564 viruses on the health care system must be estimated alongside analysis of the influenza A associated morbidity and mortality. The fact that a novel pandemic virus was co-circulating in the predicted influenza season offered an opportunity for comparison of epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcome for seasonal versus pandemic viruses. We know pandemic viruses characteristically infect younger age groups and healthy adults in comparison to seasonal influenza where extremes of age and individuals with co-morbid conditions are the susceptible population groups. In contrast, pandemic viruses such as A pdm09 target young adult population from 21-40 years in age. Our study showed detection of A/ H1N1 and A/H3N2 was higher in children less than 10 years of age than A/pdm09 and Influenza B which reflects the observations of Bin Cao et. al., who demonstrated higher susceptibility rates for A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 in children below 10 years of age. There is limited available data that shows that other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and adenoviruses cocirculate in influenza season causing ILI and SARI infections and could partly explain lower positivity rates in children for pandemic H1N1. Inflammation is a complex physiological process involving numerous receptor-ligand interactions between leukocytes and the endothelial lining of the blood vessel that ultimately lead to the trafficking of leukocyte subsets throughout the body. Numerous diseases are associated with dysregulated inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, thrombotic disorders, cancer, and autoimmune disease. Bromelain is a mixture of several cysteine proteases isolated from pineapple extracts, and is taken as a complementary antiinflammatory treatment. Bromelain is known to alter multiple cell surface molecules involved in the adhesion and activation of leukocytes leading to anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and antithrombotic effects in vivo and in vitro. Previous reports have investigated the effects of bromelain treatment on neutrophil migration in response to AbMole Nitroprusside disodium dihydrate chemokines. However, bromelain’s ability to alter cell surface molecules involved in the initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes on the inflamed endothelium has not been investigated to date. Among the enzymes present in bromelain extract is stem bromelain, which was used in this study and will be simply referred to as bromelain herein. Endothelial-expressed P-selectin and E-selectin play central roles during the initiation of an inflammatory response.