Aberrant activation of RTK pathways has been shown to be involved in the development of various types of cancers. Recent therapeutic approaches have involved the development of drugs in the form of small molecules or Jujuboside-A monoclonal antibodies that block or control activation of tyrosine phosphorylation events on specific proteins to control the progression of cancer; some of these are available currently in the market,. The technically challenging nature of tyrosine phosphorylation modifications is mainly (R)-(-)-Modafinic acid attributed to: 1) occurrence of tyrosine phosphorylation modifications on very low-abundance proteins, 2) lower relative abundance of tyrosine phosphorylations compared to serine and threonine phosphorylations, 3) very low stoichiometry and 4) labile nature of pY events during various chemical manipulations as required for mass spectrometry analysis. One of the major issues in the conventional SDS-PAGE method to identify pY modifications is the significant loss during recovery of peptides after in-gel digestion of total protein entrapped in the PAGE gel matrix. Even though this is not an issue in the case of protein identification as such, it may pose many technical impediments for identifying post-translational modifications, especially on tyrosine, which are labile during chemical processing of peptides and recovery from the gel matrix. In the control group, which was not challenged by an experimental diet, the GM composition was furthermore correlated on the same principal component to both memory and hippocampal BDNF levels, with the latter known to affect memory, supporting an influence of the GM on memory. Based on this wide association found between the GM and the many aspects of behavior, we suggest a general influence of the GM on the gut-brain-axis through one or several mechanisms, of which the present study supports that the immune system may be one. We found the GM composition to be associated with systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p70 and IL-17A, which are produced by dendritic cells and Th17 cells situated in the gut epithelium in response to bacterial stimulation.