Immunological profiling helpful in the design of novel intervention strategies. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs approximately 21 nucleotides in length that are found in various organisms, are more stable than mRNAs and are thus good candidates for use as biomarkers. They modulate gene function at the post-transcriptional level and act in fine tuning various processes such as development, proliferation, cell signaling, and apoptosis. The use of microRNAs as potential biomarkers of human disease has been extensively studied and reviewed. Recently, irregular expression and polymorphisms in the nucleotides of microRNAs that are present in the blood of TB patients have been found to correlate with the initiation and progression of tuberculosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within microRNAs miR-146a and miR-499 are reported to be related to pulmonary tuberculosis in the Tibetan population, while the C allele at rs3746444 is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Han population. MicroRNA miR-29 acts as an immunological regulator, suppressing IFN-c production by directly targeting IFN-c mRNA. Levels of microRNAs in the serum of TB patients and BCG-inoculated Dasatinib citations individuals have been shown to be significantly different based on microarray-based expression profiling followed by real-time quantitative PCR validation. Wang et al. have also identified some microRNAs that are differentially-expressed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TB patients and individuals with latent TB infection using similar methods. Here, to generate a broader profile of microRNAs which have potential as biomarkers for distinguishing different disease statuses, we used RNA-seq to identify candidate microRNA biomarkers that are differentially-expressed in the serum of TB patients, individuals with LTBI, and healthy individuals, with or without BCG inoculation. The microRNA differential-expression profiles generated in this study provide a good foundation for the development of markers for TB diagnosis, and for investigations on the role of microRNAs in BCG-inoculated and latent-infected individuals. Routine clinical methods for diagnosing TB, including radiography, sputum culture, the tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON IGRA tests, have many shortcomings. Finding new biomarkers for tuberculosis is not only necessary for diagnosing patients with TB, but also for the staging or classification of TB, TB prognosis, and TB drug and vaccine trials. The use of miRNAs as biomarkers for different kinds of cancers has been intensively investigated and some promising candidates have been developed. Here, we have used RNAseq and qRT-PCR to identify microRNAs involved in tuberculosis which have potential as biomarkers for this infectious disease. Over the past decade, a number of different approaches for quantifying microRNAs have been described, including cDNA arrays.